At the initiative of the local section of LPPD (Ligue of political prisoners and deportees), the city of Esch decided to create a Museum of the Resistance. This is located in the middle of a new construction in Brill square in the centre as a Memorial for the victims of the Second World War.

From a local project it was then enlarged, and the Museum now documents the ‘Resistance’ of all Luxembourgers against Nazi occupation from 1940 to 1945. Survivors from the concentration camps gave testimonies and brought objects, photos and documents related to the resistance.

In the 1980’s, young historians started the refurbishment of the museum to create a more objective view of resistance. This goal was criticised and rejected by former members of the resistance who claimed that they alone should decide about the content of the museum. Resistance was seen as an apolitical, anti-German movement of solidarity.

From 2008, a fundamental restoration and reinterpretation was undertaken, enlarging the chronological frame to 1930-1945 to include international subjects such as the Spanish civil war and also adding the subject of Human rights today.

The re-opening took place in March 2024.